Dracula
Bram
(Abraham) Stoker was born in Dublin, Ireland, the third of seven children.
He was a sickly child, bedridden until the age of seven, and his mother, a
charity worker and writer, entertained him with horror stories. After graduating
in Mathematics at Trinity College Dublin, he became a civil servant. He also
worked as a free lance journalist, a drama critic and editor of the "Evening
Mail". In 1876 he met Sir Henry Irving, a famous actor. Stoker accepted a job
as a personal secretary to Irving and went to England in 1878. Before leaving
Ireland he published his first book "The Duties of Clerks of Petty Sessions
in Ireland". While working for Irving he met an aspiring actress named
Florence Balcombe. They were married and had one son, Noel, born in 1879. In
England he also began writing a series of novels and short stories the first
of which was "The Snake's Pass". Although best known for "Dracula",
Stoker wrote eighteen books before he died of exhaustion in 1912 at the age
of 64.
Stoker
began his notes for the story of Dracula in 1890, seven years before
publication. He chose Whitby, a popular shipping port where he often
went on holiday, as his English location. A ruined cathedral overlooking
the ocean there served as the inspiration for Carfax Abbey. The choice
of Transylvania and the name Dracula (Stoker's original choice was "Count
Wampyr") came much later though, almost as an afterthought before publication.
As
he researched, Stoker was drawn inextricably to the cradle of the vampire
myth in Europe, the Balkans. Prince Vlad Tepes (nicknamed "Dracula",
Hungarian for "Son of the Dragon") features quite prominently in Balkan
history, both for his role as defender of the Christian faith against
the Turks, and for his legendary cruelty.
On publication in 1897, "Dracula" sold fairly well in England, but not
well enough to make Stoker rich. It sold much better in America, but because
of careless copyrighting, Stoker received nothing from American sales. It was
only after his death and a court case against the producers of the film "Nosferatu" that
the book started to achieve worldwide fame.
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